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  Hot Weather Concreting - Any operation of concreting done at atmospheric temperatures above 40°C or any operation of concreting (other than steam curing) where the temperature of concrete at time of its placement is expected to be beyond 40°0. Effects Of Hot Weather On Concrete : Effects of hot weather on concrete, in the absence of special precaution, may be briefly described as follows: a) Accelerated Setting - High temperature increases the rate or setting of the concrete. The duration of time during which the concrete can be handled is reduced. Quick stiffening may necessitate undesirable retempering by addition of water. It may also result in cold joints. b) Reduction in strength - High temperature results in the increase of the quantity of mixing water to maintain the workability with consequent reduction in strength. c) Increased tendency to crack - Either before or after hardening plastic shrinkage cracks may form in the partially hardened concrete due to rapid evaporati...

Understanding Concrete Cover and Why We Need It In construction, whether in bridges, piers, or residential houses, we use concrete for vertical or horizontal elements, and huge volumes of concrete are used especially in the construction of a high-rise building. When you talked about concrete, the other important material involved is “ steel reinforcement .” When these two important materials bend together, then you need to start checking the concrete cover for the various concrete elements to be cast in your project. A concrete cover contributes to the integrity and soundness of the building. If not done well, it may also cause failure to the building and reduce the durability of the structure. You must observe concrete covers when constructing the pile foundations and/ or footings to the ground beams and slab-on-grade, because these types of concrete elements are exposed to weathering, and are the most likely to experience uplift pressure from the water below ground....

Why We Crush Concrete Cube or Cylinder Samples at 28 days The crushing of concrete cubes or cylinder samples is required in a construction especially concrete structures. The reason why this is to verify the strength given in the design mix. Let say for example for a concrete column commonly it has  60 megapascals of specified strength. When you crush it, the result should be equal or more than 40 Mpa. The specified strength should be achieved at 28 days test age but sometimes we experience failure results at 28days that’s the reason we have spare cubes or cylinder samples. The spares are the alternatives that you can send at 42 days or 56 days when sample fails at 28 days test. Now, there are many questions why we crush concrete cubes at 28days. And you might be the one who’s asking. I was once who are asking about this until I came to know the reason. Read furthermore, you’ll find the answer later on this blog. You also might be asking, why we crush cubes or cy...

A Quality Engineers Guide to Concrete Cube Testing Concrete is one of the widely used building materials on planet earth. Concrete has a reliable reputation, durable and useful material. Surprisingly, people always find it challenging to take samples correctly and manage the concrete cube testing as well as the certification process. A comprehensive strength of concrete cube test provides an idea about all the characteristics of concrete. By carrying out the concrete cube test, concrete can be certified as compliant allowing clients to have confidence in its quality. Safety and reliability of concrete is the primary reason for the test. You need the following to carry out a proper concrete cube test for your concrete: • A wheelbarrow • Slump Cone • Cube moulds • Slump tray • Concrete thermometer • Mound releasing agent or oil and brush • Damp cloth • Concrete curing tank • Trowel or concrete float • A steel tape measure • A pen or marker for identifying samples • T...

Method Statement for Installation of Anchor Bolts Construction of a pre-engineered structure such as steel structure is a challenging work. It requires the full attention of qualified staff.  It also needs a qualified  QAQC Engineer  to inspect the work of a construction team to ensure that the completed work is fully compliant with the project requirement. One of the most challenging jobs in the construction of steel structure is the installation of anchor bolts where it is considered to be an ankle joint of a steel column. A method statement of the installation of anchor bolt should be developed to make sure that the process is true against the approved drawing and the most important, it should be within the safe working condition. Here is the method statement for installation of anchor bolts. 1. Title Method Statement for Installation of Anchor Bolts 2. Purpose This method statement shows and explains the procedure must be followed to i...

Method Statement for Installation of Kerbstone and Interlock Tiles Inside The Building In the construction of a high-rise building, there would be basements, perhaps 2 or 3 or more depending on the design plus a ground floor. In these levels, there is car parking for the tenant cars if it is residential and apartment buildings or if that is a shopping mall there will be also parking for shoppers. Along these car parkings, we need to install kerbstone and lay interlock tiles for the walkways and sidewalk. These two materials are always together in these type of works. So if you are a quality engineer, you have to make sure that the method statement for kerbstone and interlock tiles is submitted to the engineer for approval before you can start the activity on the site. By the way, this method statement is different from the  method statement for interlock works , this methodology is for outside the building. Now, below is the  method statement for kerbstone ...

Basic reinforcement knowledge for site engineers     Re: Deduction in length of reinforcement steel for bar  bending Answer # 1      For 45 degree bend deduct 1d. For 90 degree bend deduct 2d. d= dia of bar.  Re: how can we calculate cutting length of a column ring (300 x 600) Answer # 1      Cutting Length of a column Formula = 2(L+B)+20d-2x10d So, L=600-80=520mm B=300-80=220mm Cutting Length = 2 (520+220) + 10x8 = 2(740)+80 = 1480+80=1560 mm if we Assume that the dia of ring is 8mm.  T hings Site Engineers Must Know About Reinforcement and Steel Bars Clear cover to main reinforcement in Footings : 50 mm Raft foundation Top : 50 mm Raft foundation Bottom/ sides : 75 mm Strap Beam : 50 mm Grade Slab : 20 mm Column : 40 mm (d>12mm) 25 mm (d= 12mm) Shear Wall : 25 mm Beams : 25 mm Slabs : 15 mm or not less than diameter of the bar. Flat Slab : 20 mm Staircase : 15 mm...